Assessing Efficiency of Public Poverty Policies in UE-28 with Linguistic Variables and Fuzzy Correlation Measures

The present study analyzes the efficiency of social expenditure by EU-28 countries within period 2014–2018 to reduce poverty. data are provided programs European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) System Integrated Social Protection (ESSPROS) Eurostat. We first calculate Debreu–Farrell (DF) productivity measure similarly our previous work, published in 2020, for each country rank these poverty policies (PPPs) basis that index. also quantify intensity relationship between proportion item expending suppose overall. When evaluating public a given number years, we have available longitudinal set crisp observations (usually annual) embedded variable country. observed value variables any whole is quantified as fuzzy numbers (FNs) built up aggregating annual those period. To PPPs, use concept expected an FN. assess relation DF index relative effort done type expense, interpret Pearson’s correlation linguistic FNs proposed D.H. Hong 2006.